Once foods were fortified with vitamin D and rickets appearedto have been conquered, many health care professionals thoughtthe major health problems resulting from vitamin D deficiencyhad been resolved. However, rickets can be considered the tipof the vitamin D–deficiency iceberg. In fact, vitaminD deficiency remains common in children and adults. In uteroand during childhood, vitamin D deficiency can cause growthretardation and skeletal deformities and may increase the riskof hip fracture later in life. Vitamin D deficiency in adultscan precipitate or exacerbate osteopenia and osteoporosis, causeosteomalacia and muscle weakness, and increase the . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Sources and Metabolism of Vitamin D
Definition and Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency
Calcium, Phosphorus, and Bone Metabolism
Osteoporosis and Fracture
Muscle Strength and Falls
Nonskeletal Actions of Vitamin D
Latitude, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Chronic Diseases
Cancer
Autoimmune Diseases, Osteoarthritis, and Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease
Vitamin D Deficiency and Other Disorders
Schizophrenia and Depression
Lung Function and Wheezing Illnesses
Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency
Vitamin D Requirements and Treatment Strategies
Children and Adults
Breast-Fed Infants and Children
Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Malabsorption and Medication
Sunlight and Artificial Ultraviolet B Radiation
Vitamin D Intoxication
Conclusions
Source Information
From the Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, the Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Holick at Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St., M-1013, Boston, MA 02118, or at mfholick@bu.edu.
Related Letters:
Vitamin D Deficiency
Bouillon R., Norman A. W., Lips P., Cava R. C., Javier A. N. D., Howe W. R., Dellavalle R., Baroncelli G. I., Holick M. F.
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357:1980-1982, Nov 8, 2007.
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