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Review Article
Mechanisms of Disease
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Volume 361:1570-1583 October 15, 2009 Number 16
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Cell Death
Richard S. Hotchkiss, M.D., Andreas Strasser, Ph.D., Jonathan E. McDunn, Ph.D., and Paul E. Swanson, M.D.

Since this article has no abstract, we have provided an extract of the first 100 words of the full text and any section headings.

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All multicellular organisms require apoptosis, the controlled death of cells. Without apoptosis, 2 tons of bone marrow and lymph nodes and a 16-km intestine would probably accumulate in a human by the age of 80.1 Investigations into apoptosis have revealed complex interconnections between various cell-death programs, and these networks could affect the treatment of a wide range of diseases.2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Classification of Cell Death

The most widely used classification of mammalian cell death recognizes two types: apoptosis and necrosis.3,4,11 Autophagy, which has been proposed as a third mode of cell death, is a process in which cells generate energy and metabolites by digesting their own . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Apoptosis

Definition

Death-Receptor Pathway

Mitochondrial Pathway

BCL2 Family

Clinical Implications of Apoptosis

Cancer

The Immune System

Neurologic Diseases

Hepatitis

Cardiovascular Diseases

Sepsis

Autophagy

Definition

Clinical Implications

Cancer

Necrosis

Definition

Mediators of Process

Programmed or Regulated?

Cross-Talk between Cell-Death Mechanisms

Immunomodulatory Effects of Dying Cells

Future Directions

Prevention of Cell Death

Summary


Source Information

From the Departments of Anesthesiology (R.S.H., J.E.M.), Medicine (R.S.H.), and Surgery (R.S.H.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; the Department of Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia (A.S.); and the Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (P.E.S.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Hotchkiss at the Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, or at hotch@wustl.edu.



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